This book describes tourists and tourism in early twentieth century North America. It explores a time and place where the automobile popularized travel, spreading advantages of tourism from the wealthy to the masses. The highway and the commercial roadside, the new container for tourism, emerged as a new environmental form to influence, if not dominate, the whole of North American life. The tourist's world became increasingly the everyday world of living and working. The study of tourism offers an important means of comprehending human sociability.
Sears, John F. 1989. Sacred Places: American Tourist Attractions in the Nineteenth Century. Oxford Press, New York.
Tourism emerged as an important cultural activity in the United States in the 1820s as steamboats and canals allowed for greater mobility and the nation's writers and artists focused their attention on American scenery. Their work conferred value on the scenes represented and helped shape the vision of the tourists who visited them. Drawing on this body of material Sacred Places examines the vital role that tourism played in fulfilling the cultural needs of nineteenth century Americans. America was a new country in search of a national identity. Tourism offered a means of defining America as a place and taking pride in the special features of its landscape.
General Tourism Tourism emerged as an important cultural activity in the United States in the 1820s as steamboats and canals allowed for greater mobility and the nation's writers and artists focused their attention on American scenery. Their work conferred value on the scenes represented and helped shape the vision of the tourists who visited them. Drawing on this body of material Sacred Places examines the vital role that tourism played in fulfilling the cultural needs of nineteenth century Americans. America was a new country in search of a national identity. Tourism offered a means of defining America as a place and taking pride in the special features of its landscape.
Burkart, A.J. and S. Medlik, ed. 1975. The Management of Tourism: A Selection of Readings. Heinemann, London.
This book is a companion volume to Tourism: Past, Present and Future (Burkart and Medlik, 1974). It is a companion of articles, books, journals and presentations. Although international in scope, chapters 15-20, which focus on planning and development, tourism policies and the future of tourism, are very useful.
Fridgen, Joseph D. 1991. Dimensions of Tourism. Educational Institute of the American Hotel and Motel Association, East Lansing, MI. This book is a companion volume to Tourism: Past, Present and Future (Burkart and Medlik, 1974). It is a companion of articles, books, journals and presentations. Although international in scope, chapters 15-20, which focus on planning and development, tourism policies and the future of tourism, are very useful.
This introductory textbook examines tourism from a social science perspective. The book is divided into two sections. Part 1 includes an overview of tourism. Chapters 1-3 introduce the reader to historical and psychological aspects of tourism and travelers. Chapters 4-7 cover the social/cultural, economic, environmental and international dimensions of tourism. The last five chapters cover planning, development and follow-up. Specific topics include services, planning and development, marketing perspectives and planning, marketing tools and strategies, research and measurement, and tourism policy. Each chapter concludes with endnotes, key terms and discussion questions.
Matheison, Alister and Geoffrey Wall. 1982. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts. Longman Group Ltd., Essex, UK.
This international study of tourism looks at the varied impacted sectors of the industry. Although largely geared towards research, the chapters on physical impacts and social impacts are especially relevant. A comprehensive reference/bibliography section is also included.
McIntosh, Robert W. & Charles R Goeldner, ed, 1986. Tourism: Principles, Practices & Philosophies, 5th ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
This is a basic text on the history and practice of tourism. It defines what tourism is, as well as how it is organized and the motivations behind tourism. This text also analyzes tourism like a business: supply, demand, economics, and development. It discusses planning and marketing of tourism, looking at such things as consumerism, deregulation, and marketing of the consumer's interest in tourism.
Murphy, Peter E. 1985. Tourism: A Community Approach. Methuen, New York.
Issues and strategies around the topics of tourism, the environment, economics and society are all addressed in a comprehensive and readable fashion. The concluding section on planning and management is valuable to those involved in tourism development. The reference listing is comprehensive, though dated.
Pearce, Douglas. 1987. Tourism Today: A Geographical Analysis. Longman Scientific and Technical, Essex, England.
This statistical analysis of travel and tourism patterns is geared toward those involved in research. The final chapter of implication, applications and conclusions would be most valuable to those charting their tourism plan. The book concludes with an extensive list of references.
Pearce, Douglas. 1992. Tourist Organizations. John Wiley & Sons Inc. New York.
Today's society is very much an organizational one. Many books exist on the study of tourism in general, but there has been comparatively little research on tourist organizations as a topic in their own right. This book provides the first comprehensive and systematic treatment of tourist organizations describing their function, how they operate, and why.
University of Missouri, Dept. of Recreation and Park Administration, University Extension. 1991. Tourism USA: Guidelines for Tourism Development. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, 14th and Constitution, Room 1865, Washington, DC 10030.
This workbook is designed for local communities to assist them in assessing their tourism potential as a component of their economic development plan. The workbook is organized to enable communities to follow a general planning process, depending upon the stage of development of the community.
Rural Tourism
Bouquet, Mary and Michael Winter, eds. 1987. "Who From Their Labors Rest?" Conflict and Practice in Rural Tourism. Avebury Publishing, Aldershot, England.
This publication is a compilation of essays regarding tourism philosophies and practices. Although international in scope, these topics must be considered prior to tourism development. An extensive listing of references follows each of the twelve essays.
Sem, John; Barbara Koth, Glenn Kreag, and Kathy Kjolhaug. 1991. Rural Tourism Development: Training Guide. University of Minnesota Extension. This publication is a compilation of essays regarding tourism philosophies and practices. Although international in scope, these topics must be considered prior to tourism development. An extensive listing of references follows each of the twelve essays.
This training guide is intended to help rural communities develop and expand their economic base through the tourism and travel industry. The guide includes training, organization, volunteers, attractions, services, marketing, funding as well as worksheets, group exercises and case studies.
Comment: Bouquet, Mary & Michael Winter, ed., 1987. "Who From Their Labors Rest?" Conflict and Practice in Rural Tourism. England: Avebury Publishing.
Long, P, R. Perdue, & L. Allen, 1990. "Rural Resident Tourism Perceptions and Attitudes by Community Level of Tourism." Journal of Travel Research 28 (3), 3-10.
This article explores the differences in resident tourism perceptions and attitudes across communities categorized on the basis of the communityƳ existing level of tourism. It looks at the perceived impact of existing tourism, the desirability of additional tourism development, and the appropriateness of special tourism user fees and taxes. Essentially the authors use twenty eight Colorado communities as its examples in order to look at the sociological and economic impact of tourism on the rural communities. It hypothesizes favorableness of tourism in those communities.
Perdue, R., P. Long, & L. Allen, 1990. "Rural Resident Tourism Perceptions and Attitudes." Annals of Tourism Research 14 (3), 420-429.
This article examines the effect of tourism on five rural Colorado communities which depend on tourism for at least 25 percent of their retail sales. It follows the theory that outdoor recreation participants are more likely to have negative perceptions on tourism than nonparticipants. The results found do not support this hypothesis. It found no differences in perceptions.
Sem, John, Barbara Koth, Glenn Kreag, & Kathy Kholhaug, 1991. Rural Tourism Development: Training Guide. University of Minnesota Extension.
This training guide is intended to help rural communities develop and expand their economic base through the tourism and travel industry. The guide includes training, organization, volunteers, attractions, services, marketing, funding, as well as worksheets, group exercises, and case studies. Preservationists across the country are using a variety of tools to protect historic resources. This report focuses on financial incentives, conservation districts, comprehensive downzoning, growth management programs and comprehensive planning and regulatory relief.
Ecotourism
Butler, R., 1990. Alternative Tourism: Pious Hope or Trojan Horse? Journal of Travel Research 28 (3), 40-45.
This article handles the debate between alternative or green tourism and the traditional mass tourism. It compares and contrasts the two areas in many aspects including the social, environmental, and economic impacts of alternative and mass tourism. It examines alternative tourism critically as an expression of concern. The author states that claiming one form of tourism over others is unfair, unrealistic, and unwise.
Kusler, Jon A., ed., 1991. Ecotourism and Resource Conservation. Wisconsin: Omnipress. This article handles the debate between alternative or green tourism and the traditional mass tourism. It compares and contrasts the two areas in many aspects including the social, environmental, and economic impacts of alternative and mass tourism. It examines alternative tourism critically as an expression of concern. The author states that claiming one form of tourism over others is unfair, unrealistic, and unwise.
This series deals with both the ecotourist and the development of ecotourism. It addresses the development, planning, and management of the ecotourist attractions. It suggests strategies for training and education as well as media promotion of ecotourist sites. It gives several working model examples within the ecotourism field.
Lindberg, Kreg and Donaly E. Hawkins, 1993. Ecotourism: A Guide for Planners and Managers. Vermont: The Ecotourism Society.
This publication presents a selection of state-of-the-art planning and management for getting the most out of ecotourism. The number of tourists visiting natural areas has increased dramatically in the past several years. Unfortunately, this trend has overwhelmed the ability of many destinations to adequately plan and manage for visitation in what are often ecological and culturally fragile areas.
Whelan, Tensie, ed, 1991. Nature Tourism: Managing for the Environment. Washington D.C. & California: Island Press.
This book discusses not only the ideas around ecotourism but also the economics and management of ecotourism. One section even makes recommendations for planning, developing and managing an ecotourist site. This book goes farther into defining more clearly what ecotourism is, going so far as outlining the experiences of ecotourism.
Community Development
Blank, Uel. 1989. The Community Tourism Industry Imperative: the Necessity, the Opportunities, Its Potential. Venture Publishing, Inc., State College, PA.
This very readable book was designed as a teaching tool. Chapters 1-3 discuss tourism as an industry. Chapters 4 and 5 discuss economic and socio-political implications. Chapters 6-9 talk about linking tourism with other systems and how to do it. Chapters 10-12 take you from planning to action. Each chapter concludes with questions, suggested readings and textual references.
This very readable book was designed as a teaching tool. Chapters 1-3 discuss tourism as an industry. Chapters 4 and 5 discuss economic and socio-political implications. Chapters 6-9 talk about linking tourism with other systems and how to do it. Chapters 10-12 take you from planning to action. Each chapter concludes with questions, suggested readings and textual references.
Brass, Jane L., ed. 1994. Community Tourism Assessment Handbook. Western Rural Development Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR.
This handbook is designed to guide communities through a process of determining their actual tourism potential. Communities are required to estimate the costs (social, economic and environmental) as well as the benefits before deciding whether tourism development is worth pursuing. The handbook is divided into chapters corresponding to the steps recommended to guide the communities through the assessment process.
This handbook is designed to guide communities through a process of determining their actual tourism potential. Communities are required to estimate the costs (social, economic and environmental) as well as the benefits before deciding whether tourism development is worth pursuing. The handbook is divided into chapters corresponding to the steps recommended to guide the communities through the assessment process.
Cole, Barbara A. and Phillip B. Herr. 1992. High Stakes Decision Making: Understanding the Choices Your Community Can Make. National Trust for Historic Preservation, 1785 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036.
This two-part workbook helps community leaders and residents work together to determine the special characteristics they want to protect in their town when faced with rapid and transforming activity, such as limited stakes gaming, that could change their town forever. Shifting to a gaming based tourism economy is a high stakes decision affecting all aspects of community life. Probably the most important lesson that has been learned from existing limited stakes gaming towns is that good local decision-making and planning must occur before gaming begins.
Slavitt, Lesley. 1993. Preserving and Revitalizing Older Communities: Sources of Federal Assistance. Preservation Assistance Division, National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. This two-part workbook helps community leaders and residents work together to determine the special characteristics they want to protect in their town when faced with rapid and transforming activity, such as limited stakes gaming, that could change their town forever. Shifting to a gaming based tourism economy is a high stakes decision affecting all aspects of community life. Probably the most important lesson that has been learned from existing limited stakes gaming towns is that good local decision-making and planning must occur before gaming begins.
This publication lists a variety of federal assistance programs which may not have traditionally been recognized for the role they can play in historic preservation. The programs include support for small businesses, job training, community facilities as well as programs designed to repair and rehabilitate housing. The book promotes the use of different forms of financial and non-financial assistance from the government being brought together to work for community revitalization and historic preservation.
Smith, Kennedy. 1988. Mainstreet: Revitalizing Downtown. National Mainstreet Center, National Trust for Historic Preservation, 1785 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington D.C., 20036.
This training manual provides a comprehensive approach to downtown revitalization, based; on design, organization, promotion and economic restructuring. The manual emerged from the Main Street Project which was established by the National Trust for Historic Preservation. The project was designed to study the reasons why downtowns were dying, identify those factors impacting downtown health and develop a revitalization strategy.
Yuen, Cheryl L. 1990. Community Vision: A Policy Guide To Local Arts Agency Development. National Assembly of Local Arts Agencies. Washington, D.C.
This book offers some outlines, ideas and starting points as tools for putting together and maintaining a local arts agency. The book provides step-by-step start-up information for organizations preparing to plan a new local arts agency. For established local agencies it provides an index of alternative approaches and refresher techniques.
Research
Ap, J, 1990. "Residents' Perceptions Research on the Social Impacts of Tourism." Annals of Tourism 17 (4), 610-616.
This article reviews four different studies done on tourism impact on communities. The article concludes that social impacts are not universal and that heavy concentration on an area can lead to negative resident attitudes. In conclusions it applied the application of social exchange theory. It paid more attention to significant findings of research such as cultural, economic, and other areas. I found more emphasis on longitudinal research of resident perceptions and found reliability and validity measures should be identified and recorded.
This article reviews four different studies done on tourism impact on communities. The article concludes that social impacts are not universal and that heavy concentration on an area can lead to negative resident attitudes. In conclusions it applied the application of social exchange theory. It paid more attention to significant findings of research such as cultural, economic, and other areas. I found more emphasis on longitudinal research of resident perceptions and found reliability and validity measures should be identified and recorded.
Ashworth, G.J. & J.E. Tunbridge, 1990. The Tourist-Historic City. London & New York: Belhaven Press.
This book looks at the historic-city and the tourism implications. It also looks at the concept of the historic city versus the resort city, and the historic city as an economic resource. It breaks down the classification of the management of these cities as: monofunctional, multifunctional, and medium multi-functional. It addresses the diversity involved in the management and conservation of these various types of cities.
This book looks at the historic-city and the tourism implications. It also looks at the concept of the historic city versus the resort city, and the historic city as an economic resource. It breaks down the classification of the management of these cities as: monofunctional, multifunctional, and medium multi-functional. It addresses the diversity involved in the management and conservation of these various types of cities.
Getz, D, 1983. "Capacity to Absorb Tourism: Concepts and Implications for Strategic Planning." Annals of Tourism Research 10 (2), 239-263.
This article analyzes the different interpretations of tourism capacity including inherent assumptions and potential applications. It suggest a strategic planning model which includes the establishment of goals, ongoing evaluation of impacts, and the optional use of limits.
Heath, Ernie and Geoffrey Wall, 1992. Marketing Tourism Destinations: A Strategic Planning Approach. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article analyzes the different interpretations of tourism capacity including inherent assumptions and potential applications. It suggest a strategic planning model which includes the establishment of goals, ongoing evaluation of impacts, and the optional use of limits.
This book outlines the various stages of the development of a strategic marketing planning framework for regional tourism. It discusses analysis of the macro-environment, the competitive environment, and the market environment. It also discusses the possibility of changes and the analysis of these environmental analysis including strengths and weaknesses of the region. Next, the development of regional strategy formulation and the target marketing and regional positioning strategy of the tourism market. It also gives suggestions on regional organization and managerial support systems for reaching goals and developing strategies.
Pearce, Phillip L. 1982. The Social Psychology of Tourist Behavior. Pergamon Press, Elmsford, NY.
This book examines tourist behavior from the point of view of the social psychologist. The book examines the social role of the tourist, an approach to tourist motivation, the social contract between tourists and hosts, tourists and the environment and the tourists' perspective.
Pearce, Phillip L. 1988. The Ulysses Factor: Evaluating Visitors in Tourist Settings. Springer-Verlag, New York.
This book outlines a body of work which adopts a consistent theme and method in exploring the topic of tourism. The approach is one of emphasizing tourists' reactions and behaviors. The work is both behavioral and cognitive, and stems principally from applied traditions in social and environmental psychology. It includes chapters on conceptual approaches to visitor evaluation; methodological issues in tourist research; theme parks; museum and visitor centers; historic sites and farm tourism; tourist attitudes in natural environments; foreign places and faces; and tourism industry research.
Pizam, A. & A. Milman, 1986. "The Social Impacts of Tourism." Tourism Recreation Research 11 (1), 29-33.
This article analyzes the socio-economic effects of tourism on a community. It examines the effects on value systems, individual behavior, family relationships, and other areas within the tourism host communities, due to their direct and indirect contact with tourists. It also looks at tourism's impact on the environment and modifications of consumption patterns due to further tourist contact.
Smith, Valene L, ed, 1989. Hosts and Guests: An Anthropology of Tourism, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
This book looks at tourism anthropologically. It takes non-western, European, and "complex" societies and analyzes them according to anthropological models of tourism. The basic foundation of elements of tourism are defined as leisure time, discretionary income, and positive local sanctions. It is under this model the book breaks down its analysis. It also defines areas of tourism as ethnic, cultural, historical, environmental, and recreational tourism; and looks at the environmental and economic effects of these various types of tourism.
Williams, Allan M. & Gareth Shaw, ed., 1991. Tourism and Economic Development. London & New York: Belhaven Press.
This book analyzes the tourism and development in Western Europe. It breaks the sections down country-by-country, charting the growth by the impact of tourism in each country. It explains how this impact has affected each country in the light of mass tourism.
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Gunn, Clare A. 1988. Vacationscape: Designing Tourist Regions (Second Edition). Bureau of Business Research, University of Texas, Austin.
Vacationscape discusses the importance of designing tourism areas. Often tourism development becomes reactive rather than proactive. Informed and well-planned choices lead to well-designed tourism areas. Chapters 1-3 include an overview of the tourism industry and of the tourist as a consumer. Chapter 4 discusses attractions as a primary draw. Chapter 5 talks about destination characteristics and types. Chapters 6-8 discuss designing purposes, principles and techniques. Chapter 9 provides a wonderful catalog of international destinations and their designs. The book concludes with an epilogue and a listing of chapter notes and references.
Gunn, Clare A. 1988. Tourism Planning. Taylor & Francis, New York.Vacationscape discusses the importance of designing tourism areas. Often tourism development becomes reactive rather than proactive. Informed and well-planned choices lead to well-designed tourism areas. Chapters 1-3 include an overview of the tourism industry and of the tourist as a consumer. Chapter 4 discusses attractions as a primary draw. Chapter 5 talks about destination characteristics and types. Chapters 6-8 discuss designing purposes, principles and techniques. Chapter 9 provides a wonderful catalog of international destinations and their designs. The book concludes with an epilogue and a listing of chapter notes and references.
This international look at tourism planning is attuned to sensitive development issues. The twelve chapters discuss strategic planning around marketing, attractions, services, transportation, promotion/information and regional planning. Each section concludes with a bibliography. The appendix includes examples of "tourism policy statements with planning implications" and provides guidelines for those involved with tourism development.
Inskeep, Edward. "Tourism Planning: An Emerging Specialization." Journal American Institute of Planners. Vol. 54, No. 3, Summer 1988, pp.360-372.
This article presents an overview of the tourism planning process and some typical planning principles, with emphasis on environmental and socio-economic considerations. As tourism continues to expand, the field of tourism planning will offer new opportunities and challenges to the planning profession.
Innskeep, Edward. 1991. Tourism Planning: An Integrated and Sustainable Development Approach. Van Norstrand Reinhold, New York.
This comprehensive volume provides planning approaches for this increasingly important sector of many local economies. The book provides methods to establish plans to ensure that a community is able to maximize the benefits of tourism, while protecting itself from being overrun both environmentally and culturally. Each chapter includes international case studies.
Hough, Michael. 1990. "Tourism: Searching for the Differences". Out of Place: Restoring Identity to the Regional Landscape. Yale University Press: New Haven.
Tourism has the potential to be a major force in the protection and maintenance of regional character. But like any other economic development, when the environmental and social values on which it depends are absent, the rich diversity of the natural and cultural landscape is degraded and somewhere becomes anywhere. This chapter examines some of the issues of identity in relation to this fast-growing and significant phenomenon affecting the contemporary landscape.
Anderson, Ann. 1994. From Visitors to Volunteers: Organizing a Historic Homes Tour. Contact the National Trust for Historic Preservation, 1785 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036. (202) 673 4000.
Historic homes tours are an excellent source of income and visibility for preservation organizations. This valuable information booklet is a step-by-step guide to organizing a successful tour.
Historic homes tours are an excellent source of income and visibility for preservation organizations. This valuable information booklet is a step-by-step guide to organizing a successful tour.
Grinder, Allison L., and E. Sue McCoy. 1989. The Good Guide: A Sourcebook for Interpreters, Docents and Tour Guides. Ironwood Publishing, Scottsdale, Arizona.
This innovative sourcebook is designed for use by anyone who guides tours or instructs the public in history, art, science and natural history museums, historical organizations and state and national parks. It includes profiles and characteristics of visitors and special groups, an overview of important learning theories and their application to the institutional or park setting.
George, Gerald and Cindy Sherrell-Leo. 1986. Starting Right: A Basic Guide to Museum Planning. American Association for State and Local History. Nashville, Tennessee.This innovative sourcebook is designed for use by anyone who guides tours or instructs the public in history, art, science and natural history museums, historical organizations and state and national parks. It includes profiles and characteristics of visitors and special groups, an overview of important learning theories and their application to the institutional or park setting.
This book targets community leaders, historical society officers, members of chambers of commerce, local parks department members and any others who may be involved in launching a new museum or expanding an existing one. The book is an A-Z guide on museum planning, covering such issues as the pros and cons of establishing any museum, advising on all aspects from exhibits and staffing to management through to fund raising and buildings.
Machlis, Gary E. and D.R. Field eds. On Interpretation: Sociology for Interpreters of Natural and Cultural History. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon.
The challenges that face interpreters in the last decade of the twentieth century suggest a critical need to re-examine the usefulness of the sociological perspective to interpretation. Several changes are fundamental. First, communication technologies are revolutionizing the ways people interact. Second, the communications revolution fuels the mixing of cultures that identifies the "post modern" world. A third is the emergence of a global perspective to environmental issues. These trends challenge the way interpretation is practiced and increase its importance and relevance to modern society.
Uzzell, David. ed. 1989. Heritage Interpretation: The Visitor Experience. Vol. 2. Belhaven Press, London/ New York .
The emphasis of the book is that visitors' needs and interests should be at the heart of interpretive provision if such provision is to lead to visitor satisfaction. It provides a comprehensive "state of the art" review of current interpretive philosophy, theory, practice and research. Subjects include the promotion, marketing and funding of interpretation, integrated heritage management and the infrastructural facilities and services required to complement interpretive facilities and current research on visitors and the effectiveness of interpretive provision.
Machlis, Gary E. & Donald R. Field, ed., 1984. On Interpretation: Sociology for Interpreters of Natural and Cultural History. Oregon: Oregon State University Press.
This book applies sociological topics to the idea of interpretation and study of cases of tourism and recreation. It claims three primary changes must accompany new interpretations. First, communication technologies are revolutionizing the ways people interact. Second, the communications revolution fuels the mixing of cultures that identifies the post modern world. Third, the emergence of a global perspective to environmental issues. These trends challenge the way interpretation is practiced and increases its importance and relevance to modern society.
Tilden, Freeman, 1977. Interpreting our Heritage, 3rd ed. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press. This book applies sociological topics to the idea of interpretation and study of cases of tourism and recreation. It claims three primary changes must accompany new interpretations. First, communication technologies are revolutionizing the ways people interact. Second, the communications revolution fuels the mixing of cultures that identifies the post modern world. Third, the emergence of a global perspective to environmental issues. These trends challenge the way interpretation is practiced and increases its importance and relevance to modern society.
This is cited by a number of authors as an essential work in the field of interpretation. Tilden outlines the basic principles of interpretation and tries to define the complexity of the idea. Essentially he works at revealing meanings and relationships within the places and writings of tourism interpretation. He encourages the actual visitation of sites without the mechanical elements of interpretation, and taking a subjective viewpoint. This book not only interprets but also guides the prospective interpreter toward the ways of the philosophy behind other works of interpretation.
Uzzell, David, ed, 1989. Heritage Interpretation: Volume 1, The Natural and Built Environment & Volume 2, The Visitor Experience. England: Belhaven Press.
The first volume handles more of the environmental and perspective within both heritage and interpretation. It tackles such topics as interpretation through cross-cultural perspectives as well as the various views of interpretation and training for interpretation. The second volume focuses on interpretation and how it relates to propaganda, visitor management, and industry. However, it deals with the profitability of the interpretation in relation to site preservation and resource conservation. It tackles regional visitor experiences and perspectives as well as visitor interpretation as a tool for development and analysis.
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Alderson, William T. 1993. "Standing Out In The Crowd." History News, Volume 48, Number 3. American Association for State and Local History. Nashville, Tennessee.
This article identifies a number of attributes, and how to develop those for an historical site or museum to succeed as a heritage tourist attraction.
Brown, Kathleen. 1993. "Tourism Trends for the 90's." History News, Volume 48, Number 3. American Association for State and Local History. Nashville, Tennessee. This article identifies a number of attributes, and how to develop those for an historical site or museum to succeed as a heritage tourist attraction.
This article looks at demographic, technological and economic trends that will influence tourism into the next century. The role of heritage tourism in the overall tourism industry is discussed together with suggestions for meeting heritage tourism potential.
Comp, T. Allen. 1993. "Heritage Tourism Comes Of Age." History News, Volume 48, Number 3. American Association for State and Local History. Nashville, Tennessee.
This article looks at the prominent themes facing state and local historical agencies in the development of regional heritage projects. Developments in demographics and public tastes offer opportunities to historical institutions but also present some challenges to heritage sites.
Hargrove, Cheryl. 1994. Getting Started: How to Succeed in Heritage Tourism. Available from the National Trust for Historic Preservation, 1785 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036. (202) 673 4000.
This 48-page four color guide helps communities to combine preservation and tourism to obtain manageable economic growth.
Heritage Tourism: Partnerships and Responsibilities. 1994. Co-published by the National Trust for Historic Preservation and the American Association for the State and Local History. Contact the National Trust for Historic Preservation, 1785 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036. (202) 673 4000.
Herbert, David T., R.C. Prentice, and C.J. Thomas, eds. 1989. Heritage Sites: Strategies for Marketing and Development. Aldershot, England: Gower Publishing Company, 1989.
This book addresses the key features of the emergence of heritage sites as visitor attractions. It is based upon a major research project in Wales, but also draws heavily upon a much wider range of experience available in the extant literature.
Ashworth, G.J. and J.E. Tunbridge. 1990. The Tourist--Historic City. New York/London: Belhaven Press, 1990.
This book develops the concept of the tourist-historic city as a practical means of managing urban places of historical value. It provides an introduction to the role of conservation in cities and tourism in cities. It discusses and analyses current management and planning in tourist-historic cities in a comparative perspective, illustrated with cases drawn from Europe and North America, Australia, Africa and the Caribbean. It concludes with an assessment of the future of the tourist-historic city as an important element in western urban structure and the planning issues this raises.
This book develops the concept of the tourist-historic city as a practical means of managing urban places of historical value. It provides an introduction to the role of conservation in cities and tourism in cities. It discusses and analyses current management and planning in tourist-historic cities in a comparative perspective, illustrated with cases drawn from Europe and North America, Australia, Africa and the Caribbean. It concludes with an assessment of the future of the tourist-historic city as an important element in western urban structure and the planning issues this raises.
Chittenden, Betsy and Jacques Gordon. "Older Historic Buildings and the Preservation Industry." Preservation Policy Research, Series No. PPR-001, October 1983.
This report summarizes the findings of a systematic and comprehensive survey of information on America's older and historic buildings and preservation industry, conducted by the Department of Public Policy of the National Trust for Historic Preservation. The answers describe the characteristics of older and historic buildings, the ways they are used and who uses them.
This report summarizes the findings of a systematic and comprehensive survey of information on America's older and historic buildings and preservation industry, conducted by the Department of Public Policy of the National Trust for Historic Preservation. The answers describe the characteristics of older and historic buildings, the ways they are used and who uses them.
Cole, Barbara A. and Phillip B Herr. 1993. Managing Change: Coping with the Uncertainties of Unpredictable Growth. National Trust for Historic Preservation. Washington, DC 20036.
Managing Change addresses how to predict and manage growth related impacts that result from potentially transforming new land uses such as gambling. This workbook is about managing community change. If change occurs due to a new land use the community is also likely to change. Using gambling to illustrate how communities can manage change, this second workbook can be used by other communities that need assistance in managing substantial change.
Derry, Anne., H. Ward Jandl, Carol D. Shull, and Jan Thorman. 1985. "Guidelines for Local Surveys: A Basis for Preservation Planning." National Register Bulletin, No.24. National Register of Historic Places. Interagency Resources Division. National Park Service. U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C. Managing Change addresses how to predict and manage growth related impacts that result from potentially transforming new land uses such as gambling. This workbook is about managing community change. If change occurs due to a new land use the community is also likely to change. Using gambling to illustrate how communities can manage change, this second workbook can be used by other communities that need assistance in managing substantial change.
This bulletin provides guidelines for preparing local surveys to be used as a basis for preservation planning. It is directed towards communities, organizations, federal and state agencies and individuals interested in undertaking surveys of historic resources.
Leithe, Joni L. and Thomas Muller, John E. Peterson and Susan Robinson. 1994. The Economic Benefits of Preserving Community Character: A Practical Methodology. Available from the National Trust for Historic Preservation, 1785 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036. (202) 673 4000.
Preservationists are frequently asked to provide an economic rationale for historic preservation. What are the costs? What are the financial benefits? This workbook takes the reader through a step-by-step methodology for measuring the economic impact of preservation activities.
Lerner, Shereen. 1994. Archeology and Historic Preservation. Contact the National Trust for Historic Preservation, 1785 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036. (202) 673 4000.
An excellent primer for organizations or individuals, this booklet covers basic archeological concepts, state and local issues, protection of archeological sites, public programs and key legislation.
Morris, Marya. 1994. Innovative Tools for Historic Preservation. Co-published with the American Planning Association. Available from the National Trust for Historic Preservation, 1785 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036. (202) 673 4000.
Munsell, Kenneth., ed. 1982. Small Town: Historic Preservation Resource Book for Small Communities. Small Towns Institute, Ellensberg, Washington. (509) 925 1830.
This resource book contains a series of articles relating to the preservation of small towns. The themes include; promoting preservation, education, financing, design and marketing and a series of preservation profiles.
Rypkema, Donovan D. 1994. The Economics of Historic Preservation: The Community Leader's Guide. Available from the National Trust for Historic Preservation, 1785 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036. (202) 673 4000.
Preservationists frequently are called upon to make the economic argument as to why buildings should be saved. This publication provides community leaders and organizations with numerous economic arguments supporting historic preservation. It covers situations when an economic argument is needed and to whom it should be directed. A resource guide provides additional information.
Rypkema, Donovan D. 1994. The Economics of Rehabilitation. Contact the National Trust for Historic Preservation, 1785 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036. (202) 673 4000.
This publication explains in clear, concise language how preservationists can demonstrate the economic benefits of preserving buildings in their community. The author defines real estate terms and compares the cost of rehabilitation and new construction.
Stipe, Robert E. and Antoinette J. Lee, eds. 1987. The American Mosaic: Preserving a Nation's Heritage. US/ICOMOS - International Council on Monuments and Sites, Washington D.C.
The American Mosaic is designed to be read by preservationists, policy-makers in preservation as well as a wider general audience. The book describes the structure of the American preservation system, what is preserved and why and how the American preservation movement arrived at its present situation. As well, the book looks at the strengths and weaknesses of the movement and issues integral to its future.
Stokes. S. et.al., 1989. Saving America's Countryside. Johns Hopkins University Press.
A practical "road map" to protecting the natural, historic, scenic and agricultural resources of a rural community.
Wagner, Richard. 1994. Local Government and Historic Preservation. Available from the National Trust for Historic Preservation, 1785 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036. (202) 673 4000.
This publication explains the role local governments can play in preserving and enhancing historic resources and how preservation organizations can work with local governments to protect these resources.
White, Bradford J. and Richard J. Roddewig. 1994. Preparing a Historic Preservation Plan. Co-published with the American Planning Association. Available from the National Trust for Historic Preservation, 1785 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036. (202) 673 4000.
This 58-page booklet covers city and neighborhood preservation planning as well as regional planning for heritage tourism development and the protection of rural historic resources.
Ballantyne, Duncan S. 1983. Accommodation of Disabled Visitors at Historic Sites in the National Parks System. Park Historic Architecture Division, Cultural Resources Management, National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington D.C.
This publication has been prepared to assist managers and technical staff in meeting the important goal of giving disabled visitors the opportunity to experience the Park Services historic sites. Divided into two parts, the book provides a guide to understanding physical limitations and solutions to physical accessibility.
Comp, T. Allen, ed. Regional Heritage Areas: Approaches to Sustainable Development. Contact the National Trust for Historic Preservation, 1785 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036. (202) 673 4000. This publication has been prepared to assist managers and technical staff in meeting the important goal of giving disabled visitors the opportunity to experience the Park Services historic sites. Divided into two parts, the book provides a guide to understanding physical limitations and solutions to physical accessibility.
This collection of articles describes regional heritage areas from across the country. A directory of more than 80 regional heritage areas is also included.
Federal Highway Administration. 1988. Scenic Byways. U.S. Department of Transportation.
This handbook was prepared as a conference guide and reference for participants at the Scenic Byways '88, A National Conference to Map the Future of America's Scenic Roads and Highways. The handbook provides an overview of the Nation's scenic road programs and is designed to assist in the development of State and local initiatives.
Mastran, Shelley. 1994. The Protection of America's Scenic Byways. Contact the National Trust for Historic Preservation, 1785 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036. (202) 673 4000.
This booklet describes the scenic byways program at the national, state, and local level and introduces the National Scenic Byways Program established in 1991 by the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA). It discusses the formation of corridor management plans and corridor protection strategies, using case studies for illustration.
Teal, Roger., Edward Wood Jr. and William Loudon. 1976. Tourist Traffic in Small Historic Cities: Analysis, Strategies and Recommendations. Department of Transportation. Available through the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
This report summarizes contemporary transportation issues relating to small cities with historic/scenic sites. The report recognizes the lack of effective policies in this area of travel and suggests further research as a basis for developing policies in this area.
Weiler, Betty and M.C. Hall eds. 1992. Special Interest Tourism. Bellhaven Press, London.
Special interest tourism is expected to become a dominant force in the expansion of tourism in the next decade. Special interest travel is travel for people who are going somewhere because they have a particular interest that can be pursued in a particular region or at a particular destination. It is the hub around which the total travel experience is planned and developed. Special interest is sometimes equated with the term "active" tourism.